See undertake on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "undertaker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "undertaking"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undertaken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "take"
},
"expansion": "under- + take",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undertakes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undertaking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undertook",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undertaken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "undertakes",
"2": "undertaking",
"3": "undertook",
"4": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:",
"text": "This said, he sat; and expectation held\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\nThe perilous attempt.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.)."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-LbJUOswC",
"links": [
[
"take upon oneself",
"take upon oneself"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"embark",
"embark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāma",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "قَامَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpriemam",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "предприемам"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "進行"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìnxíng",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "进行"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "imprandro"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ondernemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entrepreni"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ryhtyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ruveta"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entreprendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "unternehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ausführen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epikheiréō",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ἐπιχειρέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "intraprendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "とりかかる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "torikakaru",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "取り掛かる"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "matda",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "맡다"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "adeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprene"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empreender"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "întreprinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predprinimátʹ",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "предпринима́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predprinjátʹ",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "предприня́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprender"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "acometer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entrar en faena"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "meterse en faena"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "girişmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "robýty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "роби́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdíjsnjuvaty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "зді́йснювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozpočynáty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "розпочина́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brátysja",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "бра́тися"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He undertook to exercise more in future.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:",
"text": "[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.)."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-a8yIxOcM",
"links": [
[
"commit",
"commit"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poemam zadǎlženie",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "поемам задължение"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "sich verpflichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epikheiréō",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "ἐπιχειρέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "impegnarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "dedicarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "oati"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przedsięwziąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "dedicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "comprometer-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručátʹsja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руча́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poručítʹsja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поручи́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavezati se"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "comprometerse a"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ručátysja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "руча́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 64 2 11 3 4 4 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "harantuváty",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "гарантува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overtake"
}
],
"categories": [
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"name": "British English",
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],
"glosses": [
"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-gnzaPCHT",
"links": [
[
"curbside",
"curbside"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 5 14 16 3 6 6 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 18 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 5 13 18 4 4 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 4 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 5 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 20 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:",
"text": "That is her ransom; I deliver her;\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:",
"text": "[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-S3Ky6Rbo",
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"assure",
"assure"
],
[
"dare say",
"dare say"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):",
"text": "there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\n[…]\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\n[…]\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-PtSTMBnt",
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 8 13 10 8 11 8 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, as a character; to take on."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-BNHZJBYI",
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"take on",
"take on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:",
"text": "Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\n\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-mmW1zGwD",
"links": [
[
"take on",
"take on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have knowledge of; to hear."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-j1Aod7dr",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 8 13 10 8 11 8 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 8 14 18 4 3 4 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 4 13 23 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 5 12 18 3 7 5 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 23 3 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 5 14 16 3 6 6 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 18 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 5 13 18 4 4 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 4 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 5 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 20 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "To the water side I must conduct your grace;\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\nWho undertakes you to your end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have or take charge of."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-verb-pNIh22e-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To have or take charge of."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌndəˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undertake.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/andəˈtæɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "undirtake"
}
],
"word": "undertake"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undertaken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "take"
},
"expansion": "under- + take",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undertakes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "undertake (plural undertakes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overtake"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 8 13 10 8 11 8 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 8 14 18 4 3 4 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 4 13 23 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 5 12 18 3 7 5 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 23 3 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 5 14 16 3 6 6 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 18 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 5 13 18 4 4 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 4 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 5 13 22 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 14 20 3 3 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 22 4 13 20 3 3 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"id": "en-undertake-en-noun-J4JJQlDA",
"links": [
[
"passing",
"passing"
],
[
"curbside",
"curbside"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌndəˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undertake.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/andəˈtæɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "undirtake"
}
],
"word": "undertake"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪk",
"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "undertaker"
},
{
"word": "undertaking"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undertaken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "take"
},
"expansion": "under- + take",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undertakes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undertaking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undertook",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undertaken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "undertakes",
"2": "undertaking",
"3": "undertook",
"4": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:",
"text": "This said, he sat; and expectation held\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\nThe perilous attempt.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"take upon oneself",
"take upon oneself"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"embark",
"embark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He undertook to exercise more in future.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:",
"text": "[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"commit",
"commit"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overtake"
}
],
"categories": [
"British English",
"English informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"links": [
[
"curbside",
"curbside"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:",
"text": "That is her ransom; I deliver her;\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:",
"text": "[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say."
],
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"assert",
"assert"
],
[
"assure",
"assure"
],
[
"dare say",
"dare say"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):",
"text": "there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\n[…]\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\n[…]\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon."
],
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assume, as a character; to take on."
],
"links": [
[
"assume",
"assume"
],
[
"take on",
"take on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:",
"text": "Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\n\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight."
],
"links": [
[
"take on",
"take on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have knowledge of; to hear."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "To the water side I must conduct your grace;\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\nWho undertakes you to your end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have or take charge of."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To have or take charge of."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌndəˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undertake.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/andəˈtæɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "undirtake"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāma",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "قَامَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predpriemam",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "предприемам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprendre"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "進行"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jìnxíng",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "进行"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "imprandro"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ondernemen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entrepreni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ryhtyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ruveta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entreprendre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "unternehmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ausführen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epikheiréō",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "ἐπιχειρέω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "intraprendere"
},
{
"alt": "とりかかる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "torikakaru",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "取り掛かる"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "matda",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "맡다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "adeo"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprendre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprene"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empreender"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "întreprinde"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predprinimátʹ",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "предпринима́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predprinjátʹ",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "предприня́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "emprender"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "acometer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "entrar en faena"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "meterse en faena"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "girişmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "robýty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "роби́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zdíjsnjuvaty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "зді́йснювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozpočynáty",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "розпочина́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brátysja",
"sense": "to start an enterprise",
"word": "бра́тися"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poemam zadǎlženie",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "поемам задължение"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "sich verpflichten"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epikheiréō",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "ἐπιχειρέω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "impegnarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "dedicarsi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "oati"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przedsięwziąć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "dedicar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "comprometer-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ručátʹsja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "руча́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poručítʹsja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поручи́ться"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavezati se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "comprometerse a"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ručátysja",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "руча́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "harantuváty",
"sense": "to commit oneself to an obligation",
"word": "гарантува́ти"
}
],
"word": "undertake"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪk",
"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undertaken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undertaken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "take"
},
"expansion": "under- + take",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undertakes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "undertake (plural undertakes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overtake"
}
],
"categories": [
"British English",
"English informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"links": [
[
"passing",
"passing"
],
[
"curbside",
"curbside"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʌndəˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-undertake.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/andəˈtæɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "undirtake"
}
],
"word": "undertake"
}
Download raw JSONL data for undertake meaning in All languages combined (18.7kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"undertaker\"}, {\"word\": \"undertaking\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaking\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertook\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaken\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"undertakes\", \"2\": \"undertaking\", \"3\": \"undertook\", \"4\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:\", \"text\": \"This said, he sat; and expectation held\\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\\nThe perilous attempt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"take upon oneself\", \"take upon oneself\"], [\"start\", \"start\"], [\"embark\", \"embark\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He undertook to exercise more in future.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"commit\", \"commit\"], [\"obligation\", \"obligation\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"That is her ransom; I deliver her;\\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:\", \"text\": \"[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"links\": [[\"pledge\", \"pledge\"], [\"assert\", \"assert\"], [\"assure\", \"assure\"], [\"dare say\", \"dare say\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Middle English terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):\", \"text\": \"there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\\n[…]\\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\\n[…]\\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"links\": [[\"trickery\", \"trickery\"], [\"trap\", \"trap\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"links\": [[\"assume\", \"assume\"], [\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:\", \"text\": \"Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\\n\\\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"links\": [[\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:\", \"text\": \"Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"To the water side I must conduct your grace;\\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\\nWho undertakes you to your end.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have or take charge of.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have or take charge of.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"qāma\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"قَامَ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predpriemam\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"предприемам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"進行\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jìnxíng\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"进行\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"imprandro\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ondernemen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrepreni\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ryhtyä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ruveta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entreprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"unternehmen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ausführen\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"intraprendere\"}, {\"alt\": \"とりかかる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"torikakaru\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"取り掛かる\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"matda\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"맡다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"adeo\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprene\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"empreender\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"întreprinde\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinimátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"предпринима́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinjátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"предприня́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprender\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"acometer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"derrancar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrar en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"meterse en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"girişmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"robýty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"роби́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zdíjsnjuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"зді́йснювати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rozpočynáty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"розпочина́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"brátysja\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"бра́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"poemam zadǎlženie\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"поемам задължение\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"sich verpflichten\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"impegnarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"oati\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przedsięwziąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometer-se\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ručátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руча́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"poručítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поручи́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zavezati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometerse a\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ručátysja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"руча́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"harantuváty\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"гарантува́ти\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"undertaker\"}, {\"word\": \"undertaking\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaking\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertook\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaken\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"undertakes\", \"2\": \"undertaking\", \"3\": \"undertook\", \"4\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:\", \"text\": \"This said, he sat; and expectation held\\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\\nThe perilous attempt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"take upon oneself\", \"take upon oneself\"], [\"start\", \"start\"], [\"embark\", \"embark\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He undertook to exercise more in future.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"commit\", \"commit\"], [\"obligation\", \"obligation\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"That is her ransom; I deliver her;\\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:\", \"text\": \"[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"links\": [[\"pledge\", \"pledge\"], [\"assert\", \"assert\"], [\"assure\", \"assure\"], [\"dare say\", \"dare say\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Middle English terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):\", \"text\": \"there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\\n[…]\\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\\n[…]\\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"links\": [[\"trickery\", \"trickery\"], [\"trap\", \"trap\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"links\": [[\"assume\", \"assume\"], [\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:\", \"text\": \"Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\\n\\\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"links\": [[\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:\", \"text\": \"Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"To the water side I must conduct your grace;\\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\\nWho undertakes you to your end.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have or take charge of.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have or take charge of.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"qāma\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"قَامَ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predpriemam\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"предприемам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"進行\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jìnxíng\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"进行\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"imprandro\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ondernemen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrepreni\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ryhtyä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ruveta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entreprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"unternehmen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ausführen\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"intraprendere\"}, {\"alt\": \"とりかかる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"torikakaru\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"取り掛かる\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"matda\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"맡다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"adeo\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprene\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"empreender\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"întreprinde\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinimátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"предпринима́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinjátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"предприня́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprender\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"acometer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"derrancar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrar en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"meterse en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"girişmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"robýty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"роби́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zdíjsnjuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"зді́йснювати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rozpočynáty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"розпочина́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"brátysja\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"бра́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"poemam zadǎlženie\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"поемам задължение\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"sich verpflichten\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"impegnarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"oati\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przedsięwziąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometer-se\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ručátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руча́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"poručítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поручи́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zavezati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometerse a\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ručátysja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"руча́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"harantuváty\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"гарантува́ти\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"undertaker\"}, {\"word\": \"undertaking\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaking\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertook\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaken\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"undertakes\", \"2\": \"undertaking\", \"3\": \"undertook\", \"4\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:\", \"text\": \"This said, he sat; and expectation held\\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\\nThe perilous attempt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"take upon oneself\", \"take upon oneself\"], [\"start\", \"start\"], [\"embark\", \"embark\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He undertook to exercise more in future.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"commit\", \"commit\"], [\"obligation\", \"obligation\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"That is her ransom; I deliver her;\\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:\", \"text\": \"[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"links\": [[\"pledge\", \"pledge\"], [\"assert\", \"assert\"], [\"assure\", \"assure\"], [\"dare say\", \"dare say\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Middle English terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):\", \"text\": \"there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\\n[…]\\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\\n[…]\\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"links\": [[\"trickery\", \"trickery\"], [\"trap\", \"trap\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"links\": [[\"assume\", \"assume\"], [\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:\", \"text\": \"Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\\n\\\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"links\": [[\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:\", \"text\": \"Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"To the water side I must conduct your grace;\\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\\nWho undertakes you to your end.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have or take charge of.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have or take charge of.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"qāma\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"قَامَ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predpriemam\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"предприемам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"進行\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jìnxíng\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"进行\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"imprandro\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ondernemen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrepreni\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ryhtyä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ruveta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entreprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"unternehmen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ausführen\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"intraprendere\"}, {\"alt\": \"とりかかる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"torikakaru\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"取り掛かる\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"matda\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"맡다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"adeo\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprene\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"empreender\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"întreprinde\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinimátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"предпринима́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinjátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"предприня́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprender\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"acometer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"derrancar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrar en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"meterse en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"girişmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"robýty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"роби́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zdíjsnjuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"зді́йснювати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rozpočynáty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"розпочина́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"brátysja\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"бра́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"poemam zadǎlženie\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"поемам задължение\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"sich verpflichten\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"impegnarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"oati\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przedsięwziąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometer-se\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ručátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руча́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"poručítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поручи́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zavezati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometerse a\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ručátysja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"руча́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"harantuváty\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"гарантува́ти\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"undertaker\"}, {\"word\": \"undertaking\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaking\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertook\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"undertaken\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"undertakes\", \"2\": \"undertaking\", \"3\": \"undertook\", \"4\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (third-person singular simple present undertakes, present participle undertaking, simple past undertook, past participle undertaken)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 417-420:\", \"text\": \"This said, he sat; and expectation held\\nHis look suspense, awaiting who appeared\\nTo second, or oppose, or undertake\\nThe perilous attempt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"take upon oneself\", \"take upon oneself\"], [\"start\", \"start\"], [\"embark\", \"embark\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He undertook to exercise more in future.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"[…] if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us\\nWith some few bands of chosen soldiers,\\nI’ll undertake to land them on our coast\\nAnd force the tyrant from his seat by war.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"links\": [[\"commit\", \"commit\"], [\"obligation\", \"obligation\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To commit oneself (to an obligation, activity etc.).\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) To pass a slower moving vehicle on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:\", \"text\": \"That is her ransom; I deliver her;\\nAnd those two counties I will undertake\\nYour grace shall well and quietly enjoy.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:\", \"text\": \"[…] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"links\": [[\"pledge\", \"pledge\"], [\"assert\", \"assert\"], [\"assure\", \"assure\"], [\"dare say\", \"dare say\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(archaic, intransitive) To pledge; to assert, assure; to dare say.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Middle English terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxxvij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book IX (in Middle English):\", \"text\": \"there came fourty knyghtes to sire Darras\\n[…]\\n and they wold haue slayne sire Tristram and his two felawes\\n but sire Darras wold not suffre that but kepte them in pryson\\n[…]\\n So sire Tristram endured there grete payne\\n for sekenesse had vndertake hym\\n and that is the grettest payne a prysoner maye haue\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"links\": [[\"trickery\", \"trickery\"], [\"trap\", \"trap\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, transitive) To take by trickery; to trap, to seize upon.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.\\nBottom. Well, I will undertake it.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"links\": [[\"assume\", \"assume\"], [\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To assume, as a character; to take on.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:\", \"text\": \"Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.\\n\\\"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"It is not fit your lordship should undertake every companion that you give offence to.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"links\": [[\"take on\", \"take on\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To engage with; to attack, take on in a fight.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 34:\", \"text\": \"Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,\\nUntill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,\\nAnd called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)\\nWhose voice so soone as he did undertake,\\nEftsoones he stood as still as any stake,\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have knowledge of; to hear.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:\", \"text\": \"To the water side I must conduct your grace;\\nThen give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,\\nWho undertakes you to your end.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To have or take charge of.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) To have or take charge of.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"qāma\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"قَامَ\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predpriemam\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"предприемам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"進行\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jìnxíng\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"进行\"}, {\"code\": \"dlm\", \"lang\": \"Dalmatian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"imprandro\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ondernemen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrepreni\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ryhtyä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ruveta\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entreprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"unternehmen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ausführen\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"intraprendere\"}, {\"alt\": \"とりかかる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"torikakaru\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"取り掛かる\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"matda\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"맡다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"adeo\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprendre\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprene\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"empreender\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"întreprinde\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinimátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"предпринима́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predprinjátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"предприня́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"emprender\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"acometer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"derrancar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"entrar en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"meterse en faena\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"girişmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"robýty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"роби́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zdíjsnjuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"зді́йснювати\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rozpočynáty\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"розпочина́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"brátysja\", \"sense\": \"to start an enterprise\", \"word\": \"бра́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"poemam zadǎlženie\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"поемам задължение\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"sich verpflichten\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"epikheiréō\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"ἐπιχειρέω\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"impegnarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicarsi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"oati\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"przedsięwziąć\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"dedicar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometer-se\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ručátʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"руча́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"poručítʹsja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"поручи́ться\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"zavezati se\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"comprometerse a\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"ručátysja\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"руча́тися\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"harantuváty\", \"sense\": \"to commit oneself to an obligation\", \"word\": \"гарантува́ти\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (plural undertakes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"passing\", \"passing\"], [\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (plural undertakes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"passing\", \"passing\"], [\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (plural undertakes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"passing\", \"passing\"], [\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "undertake/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular verbs\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms prefixed with under-\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪk/3 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dalmatian translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"undertaken\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English undertaken\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"under\", \"3\": \"take\"}, \"expansion\": \"under- + take\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English undertaken; equivalent to under- + take (after undernim).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"undertakes\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"undertake (plural undertakes)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"overtake\"}], \"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English informal terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"links\": [[\"passing\", \"passing\"], [\"curbside\", \"curbside\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(British, informal) The passing of slower traffic on the curbside rather than on the side closest to oncoming traffic.\"], \"tags\": [\"British\", \"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ʌndəˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-undertake.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg/En-us-undertake.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/En-us-undertake.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/andəˈtæɪk/\", \"tags\": [\"General-Australian\", \"New-Zealand\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪk\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"undirtake\"}], \"word\": \"undertake\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "undertake",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.